2010年12月22日星期三

強姦罪

       近日有兩宗極為引人注目的強姦罪,一宗發生在瑞典,另一宗發生在香港。因此,在此網誌中先談談強姦罪。
在香港,強姦罪的規定可見於刑事罪行條例(200)118條。 構成強姦罪的要件包括:
1. 有性交行為:性交的定義是男性的生殖器插入女性的生殖器。插入的深度及是否射精,均無關重要。
2. 非法性交:案中的女子不同意性交。女子受騙或受威嚇,不是同意。
3. 知道該女子不同意:知道包括兩種情況,可以是明知該女子不同意,也可以是罔顧該女子同意抑或不同意。


性罪行

(1) 任何男子強姦一名女子,即屬犯罪,一經循公訴程序定罪,可處終身監禁。〔比照 1956 c.69 s.1 U.K.
(2) 任何男子冒充一名已婚女子的丈夫,誘使該女子與他性交,即屬強姦。
(3) 任何男子─
(a) 與一名女子非法性交,而性交時該女子對此並不同意;及
(b) 當時他知道該女子並不同意性交,或罔顧該女子是否對此同意,
即屬強姦。 (1978年第25號第3條增補)〔比照 1976 c.82 s.1(1) U.K.
(4) 現予聲明,在強姦罪行的審訊中,陪審團如須考慮一名男子是否相信一名女子同意性交,則在考慮此事時,除須顧及其他有關事項,亦須顧及該名男子是否有合理理由相信該名女子同意性交。 (1978年第25號第3條增補)〔比照 1976 c.82 s.1(2) U.K.
(5) 有關第(4)款所述的審訊,如在區域法院進行,或在裁判官席前或在少年法庭循簡易程序進行,則在該款中凡提述陪審團,即須解釋為提述區域法院、裁判官或少年法庭(視屬何情況而定) (1978年第25號第3條增補。由1998年第25號第2條修訂)〔比照 1976 c.82 s.7(3) U.K.
(1978年第1號第6條增補)


Sexual offences

(1) A man who rapes a woman shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for life. [cf. 1956 c. 69 s. 1 U.K.]
(2) A man who induces a married woman to have sexual intercourse with him by impersonating her husband commits rape.
(3) A man commits rape if-
(a) he has unlawful sexual intercourse with a woman who at the time of the intercourse does not consent to it; and
(b) at that time he knows that she does not consent to the intercourse or he is reckless as to whether she consents to it. (Added 25 of 1978 s. 3) [cf. 1976 c. 82 s. 1(1) U.K.]
(4) It is hereby declared that if at a trial for a rape offence the jury has to consider whether a man believed that a woman was consenting to sexual intercourse, the presence or absence of reasonable grounds for such a belief is a matter to which the jury is to have regard, in conjunction with any other relevant matters, in considering whether he so believed. (Added 25 of 1978 s. 3) [cf. 1976 c. 82 s. 1(2) U.K.]
(5) In relation to such a trial as is mentioned in subsection (4) which is a trial in the District Court or a summary trial before a magistrate or in a juvenile court, references to the jury in that subsection shall be construed as references to the District Court, the magistrate or the juvenile court, as the case may be. (Added 25 of 1978 s. 3) [cf. 1976 c. 82 s. 7(3) U.K.]
(Added 1 of 1978 s. 6)

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